Cov neeg saib xyuas kev yuav khoom hauv kev ua tshuaj lom neeg, electroplating, thiab dej- cov nroj tsuag kho feem ntau tawm tsam nrog kev txiav txim siab tib yam: cov khoom siv hluav taws xob twg yuav xa cov kev ua tau zoo uas tsis tas yuav rov ua dua. Cov chav hlau zoo li ua tau zoo thaum xub thawj tab sis corrode dhau sijhawm. Graphite tuav cov kua qaub muaj zog zoo tab sis ua pov thawj nkig hauv kev xyaum. PTFE-lined lossis PTFE-tube tsim nqi ntau dua thiab hloov cov cua sov qeeb dua, tseem muaj ntau qhov chaw qhia txog kev hloov pauv tsawg dua thiab qis dua - cov nqi sijhawm. Qhov sib txawv tiag tiag nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas txhua yam khoom siv ua haujlwm hloov hluav taws xob, corrosion, thiab kev ua haujlwm txhua hnub.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hlau, feem ntau ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel lossis titanium, vam khom siab thermal conductivity -feem ntau 15 txog 25 W / m·K rau qib stainless. Thaum tshav kub kub txav ceev los ntawm cov phab ntsa nyias, ua kom cov khoom siv compact thiab muaj zog pib ua haujlwm. Corrosion kuj nyob ntawm ib qho passive oxide txheej uas tiv thaiv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv nruab nrab los yog me ntsis aggressive kua. Hauv cov kab mob tiag tiag, txawm li cas los xij, chlorides, fluorides, lossis hloov pH theem ua rau txheej txheej no, ua rau pitting, phab ntsa thinning, thiab xau. Scale thiab fouling ntxiv txo qhov ua tau zoo, yuav tsum tau tu ntau zaus lossis hloov.
Graphite heat exchangers siv impregnated carbon blocks nrog thermal conductivity nyob ib ncig ntawm 100 txog 150 W / m·K nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia zoo. Thaum tshav kub kub hloov tau zoo, thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv ntau cov kua qaub vim tias carbon nws tus kheej tsis hnov mob yooj yim. Graphite units pom kev siv ntau hauv sulfuric lossis hydrochloric acid lub luag haujlwm uas cov hlau ua tsis tau sai. Txawm li cas los xij cov khoom tseem nkig. Thermal cycling los yog mechanical stresss tsim micro-kawg uas tsim mus rau hauv cov pa. Resin binders tuaj yeem degrade hauv alkalis lossis qee qhov sib xyaw oxidizing, thiab qhov rougher nto txhawb fouling uas maj mam txo qis kev ua haujlwm.
PTFE heat exchangers ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug txawv txoj cai. Ib lub fluoropolymer liner los yog raj -feem ntau yog 0.5 mus rau 2 mm tuab- tsim ib qho kev cuam tshuam tsis tu ncua ntawm cov txheej txheem kua thiab cov qauv hlau. Thermal conductivity zaum qis dua ntawm kwv yees li 0.25 W / m·K, yog li cov qauv tsim tau them nrog thaj chaw loj dua lossis ntau- dhau kev npaj. Cov phab ntsa du, tsis yog -pab phab ntsa txo qis qis thiab tiv thaiv nplai lossis biofilm adhesion uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov hlau thiab graphite nto. Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov qauv molecular: carbon atoms qhwv nruj nreem nyob rau hauv fluorine ua ib tug tsis yog{11}}polar shield uas repels acids, alkalis, thiab cov kuab tshuaj. Diffusion tus nqi nyob qis qis mus txog 260 degree, tiv thaiv cov hlau hauv qab tsis hais cov dej aggressiveness lossis me impurities. Qhov ntsuas kub ruaj khov tseem zoo ib yam vim tias cov khoom tsis corrodes los yog embrittles, thiab ntev - lub sij hawm durability feem ntau ncav cuag ob peb zaug ntev dua hlau los yog graphite nyob rau hauv cov corrosive kwj.
Kev sib piv nrog cov khoom siv cua sov txhua hnub ua rau cov kev sib txawv no yooj yim dua rau kev nkag siab. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov dej hauv cov kua lossis ntawm cov khoom nto, ua tiav nyob ze -99 feem pua kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los yog siab - poob kev txhawj xeeb. Lawv ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev huv, tsis yog- daim ntawv thov corrosive tab sis tsis tuaj yeem cais cov txheej txheem nruj raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua. Hluav taws xob cov cua sov hauv pem teb ncig qis- cov kua dej nrawm dhau los ntawm cov kab sib txuas dav ntawm qhov kub qis. Kev poob siab nyob twj ywm tsis pom zoo thiab tsis tshua muaj corrosion tshwm sim, tab sis txoj hauv kev tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm siab -lub luag haujlwm, kev hloov pauv tshuaj lom neeg yuav tsum tau ua hauv cov tshuaj siv tshuaj lossis cov kab plating. Phab ntsa-dhau boilers optimizes compact water circuits rau ceev teb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw cua sov los yog dej kub hauv tsev. Lawv cov khoom siv hlau ua tau zoo hauv cov dej nruab nrab tab sis yuav corrode los yog embrittle sai yog tias raug rau tib cov kua qaub los yog cov kuab tshuaj tswj hwm niaj hnub los ntawm PTFE exchangers. Hauv kev pabcuam corrosive, PTFE units muab kev nyab xeeb kev hloov pauv tsis ncaj uas cov kev ncaj qha - cua sov lossis cov dej num qis tsis tuaj yeem xa tuaj.
Ib puag ncig haum rau txhua yam khoom sib txawv. Hlau exchangers feem ntau ua pov thawj kev lag luam rau siab - dej purity, me corrosives, los yog lub luag hauj lwm uas compact loj thiab ceev kub hloov mus rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Graphite tseem ua haujlwm rau cov kev pabcuam hauv cov kua qaub uas nws cov thermal conductivity thiab acid kam rau ua kom zoo, muab thermal shock tseem tswj tau. PTFE ci ntsa iab nyob rau hauv oxidizing heev, fluoride-muaj, sib xyaw- kuab tshuaj, los yog siab- purity ntws qhov twg cov khoom paug los yog nquag tu yuav tsum zam. Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau lub sij hawm ntev - kev ua tau zoo muaj xws li cov kua dej muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv, cov kab tsis huv, lub voj voog siab, thiab kev nyiam fouling. Smooth PTFE nto feem ntau tshem tawm kev tu lub voj voog uas hlau thiab graphite xav tau.
Cov tswv yim tswv yim pab kom tsis txhob xaiv qhov kev daws teeb meem. Kev tshawb xyuas cov dej kom ntxaws uas qhia txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv, thiab kev cia siab rau lub voj voog ua pov thawj tseem ceeb ua ntej kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Cov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo los tshuaj xyuas suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm PTFE, alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntaub ntawv passivation rau hlau, thiab cov ntaub ntawv cob qhia tshwj xeeb rau graphite. Flow modeling uas qhia txog kev poob siab thiab tej zaum qhov chaw tuag kuj tsim nyog mloog. Feem ntau yuam kev suav nrog kev luam cov stainless- steel specifications yam tsis tau kho qhov ntev channel rau PTFE cov phab ntsa smoother, ua rau undersized paths thiab siab dua poob siab. Xaiv graphite nkaus xwb rau cov kua qaub tiv thaiv yam tsis tau kuaj xyuas alkali compatibility ua rau cov ntaub ntawv degradation thiab sai sai. Kev tsom mus rau hauv catalog heat nkaus xwb- kev ntaus nqi thaum tsis quav ntsej qhov hloov pauv viscosity nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ua rau cov kev suav tsis raug thiab cov cheeb tsam laminar npaj txhij.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, PTFE cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv ntawm cov hlau thiab graphite tsim feem ntau los ntawm lawv cov inert molecular barrier uas tshem tawm corrosion thiab fouling, txawm tias qis thermal conductivity yuav tsum tau loj dua qhov chaw. Cov khoom siv hlau xa tawm sai sai tab sis xav tau kev tiv thaiv txuas ntxiv tiv thaiv corrosion, thaum graphite muaj cov kua qaub muaj zog ntawm tus nqi ntawm brittleness thiab muaj peev xwm tawg. Thaum muab piv nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob hauv pem teb cua sov, lossis phab ntsa- dai boilers, PTFE exchangers nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv niche los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, tsis ncaj qha hloov mus rau cov dej aggressive. Qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov sib piv cov cua sov- hloov kev daws teeb meem rau cov txheej txheem chemistry tiag tiag, lub hnab ntawv ua haujlwm, thiab kev cia siab rau kev saib xyuas. Cov xwm txheej sib txawv ntawm kev lag luam yog li no hu rau kev tshaj lij kev ua cua sov- hloov cov qauv tsim uas sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv cov kua dej, lub voj voog lub luag haujlwm, thiab cov txheej txheem kev txwv kom xa cov kev teeb tsa uas sib npaug ntawm kev ua tau zoo, ua haujlwm ntev, thiab kev ntseeg tau tag nrho ntawm cov khoom siv tas mus li.
