Kev cai PTFE qhov chaw rau cov cua sov -mounting brackets, davhlau ya nyob twg blocks, tshwj xeeb spacers- feem ntau yuav tsum tau kim machining . 3D luam ntawv ntawm PTFE, txawm hais tias nyuaj, yog tam sim no ua tau thiab muab ib txoj kev sai sai tsim complex, ib tug - tawm cov khoom yam tsis muaj cuab yeej. Additive manufacturing yog ua inroads mus rau hauv industrial cua sov daim ntaub ntawv, muab ceev prototyping thiab nyob rau ntawm -xav tau spare qhov chaw rau PTFE lub rhaub. Txawm li cas los xij, thev naus laus zis tseem tab tom loj hlob, thiab kev nkag siab txog nws cov peev xwm tam sim no thiab cov kev txwv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev saws me nyuam tiag tiag.
Yog vim li cas PTFE yog qhov nyuaj rau luam ntawv Conventionally
Feem ntau 3D luam ntawv txheej txheem cia siab rau melting ib filament thiab extruding nws txheej los ntawm txheej (fused deposition qauv, FDM). PTFE tsis yaj thiab ntws zoo li cov thermoplastics; nws muaj cov yaj viscosity siab heev-qhov tseem ceeb nws tsis ua kua txaus rau extrusion-raws li luam ntawv. Hloov chaw, PTFE hloov ncaj qha los ntawm cov khoom mus rau cov roj hmab, muab tshuaj txhuam -zoo li lub xeev ua ntej decomposing ntawm ib ncig ntawm 327℃. Qhov kev coj cwj pwm no ua rau cov pa luam yeeb FDM ntawm cov ntshiab PTFE impractical.
Ob txoj kev tsim khoom siv ntxiv tau tshwm sim los kov yeej qhov kev txwv no:
Paste Extrusion nrog Sintering
Ib qho 3D luam PTFE lub tshuab cua sov tuaj yeem tsim tau siv txoj kev muab tshuaj txhuam extrusion. PTFE hmoov yog tov nrog ib tug kua binder los ua ib tug muab tshuaj txhuam uas yog extruded los ntawm ib tug zoo nozzle. Cov ntawv luam tawm "ntsuab" yog tom qab ntawd raug rau ib kauj ruam debinding (tshem tawm cov binder thermally lossis tshuaj lom neeg) ua raws li siab - kub sintering (kwv yees li 380℃). Thaum lub sij hawm sintering, PTFE hais fuse ua ke, tsim ib qho khoom, tab sis me ntsis ntxeem tau, qauv.
Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov zoo sib xws rau cov hlau txhaj tshuaj molding (MIM) thiab tsim cov khoom siv nrog cov cuab yeej cuab tam mus txog cov compression - molded PTFE, tab sis nrog qee qhov seem porosity. Sintered 3D luam tawm PTFE feem ntau nthuav tawm me ntsis qis dua (2.10–2.15 g / cm³ piv rau 2.17–2.20 g / cm³ rau nkauj xwb moulded PTFE) thiab txo tensile zog (18–22 MPa piv rau 25–30 MPa rau machined stock duab).
PFA ua lwm txoj kev luam tawm
Perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA) yog yaj-cov fluoropolymer ua tau zoo nrog cov khoom zoo ib yam li PTFE- cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo heev thiab kev pabcuam kub kub txog li 260℃. PFA yog muaj nyob rau hauv filament rau FDM tshuab luam ntawv nruab nrog siab -kub kub (siab tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 350 degree) thiab rhuab chamber los tiv thaiv warping.
Thaum PFA tsis yog PTFE, nws feem ntau lees txais hauv cov ntawv thov cua sov uas PTFE yuav txwv tsis pub. PFA qhov chaw tuaj yeem luam tawm ncaj qha yam tsis muaj sintering, ua tiav nyob ze -tag nrho ntom thiab zoo interlayer adhesion. Kev lag luam tawm -tawm yog tus nqi: PFA filament yog kim kim dua PTFE hmoov-raws li tshuab, thiab cov khoom siv luam ntawv yuav tsum tau kaw - voj voog tswj kub.
Kev siv tswv yim rau PTFE Heater Cheebtsam
Lub peev xwm los luam tawm cov kev cai spacer thaum hmo ntuj yog qhov ua tau tiag tiag rau cov tuam ntxhab thiab cov pab pawg tu. Cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas zoo - haum rau 3D luam ntawv suav nrog:
Mounting brackets: Tsis yog-tus qauv geometries rau txuas PTFE cua sov rau khib- zoo li lub tso tsheb hlau luam. Lub bracket uas yuav siv sij hawm ob lub lis piam rau tshuab los ntawm PTFE billet tuaj yeem tsim thiab luam tawm hauv 48 teev.
Terminal vaj tse: Kev tiv thaiv npog tshaj qhov txias seem terminals. Cov no pom tsis muaj kev thauj khoom thiab tsuas yog kub nruab nrab (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 100 degree), ua rau porosity tsawg dua.
Kev cai spacers thiab standoffs: Cov khoom siv uas tswj xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cua sov lossis nruab nrab ntawm lub rhaub thiab lub tank phab ntsa. Cov txheej txheem qis ntawm spacers tau yooj yim ua tau raws li cov ntawv luam tawm PTFE.
Splash guards thiab drip shields: Cov duab nkhaus yooj yim uas tiv thaiv cov tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm kev sib txuas hluav taws xob. Lub porosity me ntsis ntawm sintered PTFE tsis cuam tshuam kev tiv thaiv txaws.
Rau qhov kawg - cov neeg siv kev cai plating kab lossis tshuaj reactors, a3D luam PTFE rhaub tivthaivtuaj yeem tsim los ntawm -kev thov, tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom seem ntau yam. Cov khoom lag luam digital ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib feem tso cai rau lub bracket tawg tuaj yeem luam tawm hauv zos, txo qis sijhawm ntawm lub lis piam mus rau teev.
Kev txwv tam sim no: Qhov twg 3D Printing tsis tuaj yeem hloov Machined PTFE
Kev tsim khoom ntxiv rau PTFE cov khoom siv cua sov tsis yog kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj. Ntau qhov kev txwv tseem nyob:
Porosity thiab Dielectric zog
Sintered luam PTFE muaj porosity ntsuas (feem ntau 3-8% void ntim). Qhov no txo nws cov dielectric zog piv rau siab ntom ntom, machined PTFE. Rau cov khoom siv ua hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw nyob (xws li, lub davhlau ya nyob twg thaiv lossis cov khoom sib tw uas cais cov cua sov), qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm dielectric yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev taug qab lossis arc flash. Feem ntau cov khoom PTFE luam tawm tam sim no tsuas yog pom zoo rau cov tsis yog -dielectric- lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Mechanical Strength nyob rau hauv Sustained Load
Machined PTFE tuaj yeem tiv taus kev ntxhov siab tsis tu ncua ntawm kwv yees li 4-5 MPa (600-700 psi) nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Sintered luam tawm PTFE nthuav tawm cov khoom nkag siab dua thiab qis dua lub zog, ua rau nws tsis tsim nyog rau kev thauj khoom -cov kabmob flanges, siab- khaws cov khoom, lossis cov khoom siv rau lub siab torque. Lub bracket uas yuav tsum txhawb nqa qhov hnyav ntawm 3 kW PTFE lub rhaub yuav tsum tseem yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm nkauj xwb PTFE lossis PFA.
Chemical Resistance ntawm Porosity
Thaum PTFE nws tus kheej yog chemically inert, qhib qhov pores nyob rau hauv ib qho kev luam ntawv tuaj yeem ntxiab cov txheej txheem ua kua. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hnyav (piv txwv li, concentrated nitric acid los yog kub chromic acid), cov kua uas nyob rau hauv lub qhov hws yuav nthuav dav thaum lub sij hawm thermal cycling, ua rau micro- tawg thiab qhov kawg ntawm qhov tsis ua hauj lwm. Sealing kev kho mob (xws li impregnation nrog fluorinated wax) tuaj yeem txo qhov porosity tab sis ntxiv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem.
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj
Ntau daim ntawv thov cua sov ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab cov ntawv pov thawj (xws li ASTM D4894 rau PTFE). 3D cov khoom siv luam tawm siv cov hmoov ua kev cai- cov ntawv sau cov ntaub ntawv kuj tseem tsis tau nqa cov ntawv pov thawj tib yam, txwv tsis pub lawv siv hauv kev tswj hwm kev lag luam xws li kev tsim tshuaj lossis semiconductor.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm PFA hauv Kev Sib Txuas Qhov Ncauj
Rau cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau yaj- kev ua tau zoo thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo dua, PFA luam ntawv muaj cov kev daws teeb meem zoo dua. PFA Cheebtsam tuaj yeem luam tawm ntawm siab - kub FDM tshuab luam ntawv (piv txwv li, siv polyetherimide (PEI) lossis polyetheretherketone (PEEK)- cov tshuab muaj peev xwm) nrog txheej adhesion muaj zog txaus rau kev ua haujlwm brackets thiab cov vaj tsev nyob. Thawj qhov tsis zoo yog tus nqi-PFA filament tuaj yeem tshaj 500perkilogram, piv rau 500perkilogram, piv rau 50-100 ib kilogram rau cov qauv engineering filaments.
Txawm li cas los xij, rau ib qho -tawm, siab- daim ntawv thov tus nqi uas lub sij hawm poob qis, tus nqi ntawm PFA filament yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg los ntawm kev txuag nyiaj los ntawm kev tsim khoom sai. PFA- luam tawm cov tsev nyob uas tuaj txog ntawm - qhov chaw hauv ob hnub piv rau ib feem ntawm PTFE hauv ob lub lis piam yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau qhov chaw.
Yav tom ntej Outlook: Maturation ntawm Additive Manufacturing rau Fluoropolymers
Cov khoom lag luam tau nquag tsim cov PTFE 3D tshuab luam ntawv uas ua ke siab -kub muab tshuaj txhuam extrusion nrog cov sintering chambers. Raws li cov txheej txheem no paub tab, qhov ceev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov ntawv luam PTFE yuav tsum tau mus ze rau cov duab molded. Ib yam li ntawd, cov qauv kev sim rau cov ntawv luam tawm fluoropolymer yog tsim los ntawm lub koom haum kev lag luam xws li ASTM International (Committee F42 ntawm Additive Manufacturing).
Kev muaj peev xwm luam tawm ib qho kev cai spacer thaum hmo ntuj yog qhov muaj tiag niaj hnub no, txawm hais tias muaj qee qhov kev ua lag luam ua lag luam- tawm. Rau cov khoom uas tsis yog-cov khoom tseem ceeb- cov hlua khi, cov vaj tse, cov guards, thiab spacers- 3D luam ntawv twb yog lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev siv tshuab. Rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm rwb thaiv tsev lossis cov khoom ruaj khov, cov khoom siv tsoos tseem yog tus qauv.
Xaus
3D luam ntawv muaj qhov yooj yim rau kev cai PTFE cov khoom siv cua sov, txawm hais tias nws tam sim no ntxiv ntau dua li hloov cov khoom siv ib txwm siv. Additive manufacturing lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv industrial cua sov yuav loj hlob raws li cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem mature. Qhov ze ntawm - lub sij hawm muaj peev xwm nyob hauv kev ua qauv sai thiab ntawm - xav tau cov khoom seem rau qis - kev ntxhov siab, tsis yog - cov ntawv thov dielectric. Raws li sintered ceev txhim kho thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj txoj hauv kev tshwm sim, luam PTFE yuav xav tias muaj lub luag haujlwm loj dua hauv kev tsim cov cua sov, ua kom cov geometries thiab customizations uas tsuas yog kim heev rau tshuab. Txog tam sim no, qhia txog a3D luam PTFE rhaub tivthaivyog qhov kev txiav txim siab siv tau rau cov xwm txheej siv tshwj xeeb-ib qho uas txo cov sij hawm ua cov hmoov txhuas thiab cov nqi khoom muag yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb thaum siv nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej cuab tam tam sim no.
