Lub Seismic Design Imperative
Ib tsob nroj hydrometallurgical hauv thaj tsam seismically active-Seismic Zone 4 per UBC los yog ASCE 7- nruab PTFE heat exchangers hauv leach tank. Cov hluav taws kub sib hloov yuav tsum nyob ruaj khov thaum lub sij hawm thiab tom qab tsim- av qeeg. Ib qho kev txhawb nqa tsis ua haujlwm uas tso cov cua kub cua sov rau hauv lub tank ntawm cov tshuaj corrosive thaum cov nroj tsuag teb rau av qeeg ua rau muaj kev phom sij.
Txheem PTFE cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob yog tsim los rau kev thauj khoom zoo li qub - tus kheej - hnyav, thermal expansion, thiab ib txwm agitation rog. Seismic tsim ntxiv dynamic kab rov tav thiab ntsug loads uas muaj peev xwm tshaj qhov zoo li qub loads los ntawm ib tug yam ntawm 3-5. Cov txheej txheem txhawb nqa yuav tsum tiv thaiv cov loads thaum tswj kom txaus kom haum rau PTFE hlab 'siab thermal expansion yam tsis dhau-constraining lawv.
Lub seismic tsim ntawm tus ncej txhawb nqa yog tswj hwm los ntawm tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus raws li ib qho tsis yog - cov khoom siv hauv cov seismic daim ntawv thov: tus ncej yuav tsum hloov inertial loads los ntawm exchanger mass mus rau lub tsev qauv los ntawm ib txoj kev load, thiab nws yuav tsum ua li ntawd yam tsis muaj nkig tsis ua hauj lwm los yog poob ntawm exchanger lub siab ciam teb.
Seismic Load Calculation
Lub seismic tsim quab yuam ntawm lub tshav kub exchanger yog xam raws li lub tsev cai (ASCE 7, Eurocode 8, los yog sib npaug). Kab rov tav seismic quab yuam Fp yog:
Fp=(0.4 × ap × SDS × Wp) / (Rp / Ip)
Qhov twg ap yog cov khoom lag luam nthuav dav (feem ntau 2.5 rau cov khoom tsis sib xws), SDS yog qhov tsim spectral acceleration ntawm lub sij hawm luv luv, Wp yog cov khoom ua haujlwm hnyav, Rp yog cov lus teb kev hloov kho, thiab Ip yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Rau PTFE cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas hnyav 50 kg (ua haujlwm, suav nrog cov chav dej thiab cov condensate) nyob rau hauv qhov siab - seismic cheeb tsam nrog SDS=1.5g, ap=2.5, Rp=2.5, Ip=1.5, qhov tsim seismic quab yuam yog kwv yees li 1.5 × Wp {{7} horiz tal. Qhov kev quab yuam no yog siv rau ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov sib hloov, tsim lub sijhawm hloov pauv thiab lub zog shear ntawm cov kev sib txuas.
| Seismic Design Parameter | Tus nqi rau kev tsim qauv | Tau qhov twg los / xam |
|---|---|---|
| Kev ua haujlwm hnyav (Wp) | 50 kg (490 N) qhov hnyav | Thaum tshav kub kub exchanger + dej - cov hlab ntim |
| Luv -period spectral acceleration (SDS) | 1.5g | Qhov chaw - tshwj xeeb seismic tsom xam |
| Component amplification yam (ap) | 2.5 | ASCE 7 Table 13.6-1 (Table) |
| Component teb modification factor (Rp) | 2.5 | ASCE 7 Table 13.6-1 (welded steel ncej) |
| Qhov tseem ceeb (Ip) | 1.5 | Qhov chaw tseem ceeb (muaj tshuaj lom neeg) |
| Tsim kab rov tav seismic quab yuam (Fp) | 735 N (75 kg sib npaug) | Fp formula rau ASCE 7 Tshooj 13.3 |
| Tsim ntsug seismic quab yuam | ± 0.2 × SDS × Wp=± 147 N | ASCE 7 Ntu 13.3 |
| Tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus txhawb nqa ncej | 4 (yam tsawg kawg nkaus) | Distributes seismic load rau tank qauv |
| Anchor hom | Los ntawm -bolted nrog locknuts; tsis muaj expansion anchors | Expansion anchors unreliable nyob rau hauv cyclic seismic load |
| Anchor khoom | Stainless hlau 316 nrog PTFE insulating tes tsho | Corrosion tsis kam; galvanic cais los ntawm PTFE ncej |
Flexibility -Seismic Strength Balance
PTFE hlab nthuav dav li ntawm 12-15mm ib 'meter' ntev thaum rhuab los ntawm ambient mus rau 140℃kev khiav hauj lwm kub. Cov ncej txhawb nqa yuav tsum tso cai rau qhov kev nthuav dav no ywj pheej nyob rau hauv txoj kab ntev kom tiv thaiv cov raj buckling. Qhov no yuav tsum tau zawv zawg kev sib txuas lossis cov khoom hloov tau yooj yim hauv cov ncej uas haum rau thermal txav.
Kev tsim seismic feem ntau nyiam cov kev sib txuas tsis sib xws uas hloov cov khoom thauj ncaj qha. Ib qho kev sib txuas nruj uas tiv thaiv thermal expansion daws txoj kev seismic load tab sis tsim teeb meem thermal. Ib qho kev sib txuas zawv zawg uas ua kom haum rau thermal expansion tawm ntawm lub exchanger unrestrained nyob rau hauv seismic loads.
Txoj kev daws teeb meem yog ntau - kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm. Cov ncej txhawb nqa yog khi rau ntawm ib qho kawg (qhov taw tes ruaj khov) nrog kev sib txuas nruj uas hloov cov seismic loads nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia. Qhov kawg ntawm qhov kawg (qhov zawv zawg taw tes) siv cov kev sib txuas sib txuas uas tso cai rau cov thermal expansion longitudinal thaum muab transverse thiab ntsug tuav rau seismic loads. Kev sib txuas zawv zawg suav nrog qhov qis- kev sib txhuam PTFE bearing ncoo uas tso cai rau cov thermal txav tau yooj yim thaum lub qhov ntsia hlau qhov sib koom ua ke thaum lub sij hawm seismic displacement, muab rau sab nraub qaum tom qab pib qhov sib txawv me me.
Lub Anchor Embedment hauv Tank Structure
Cov kev txhawb nqa ncej thauj tog rau nkoj yuav tsum hloov seismic loads rau hauv lub tank qauv yam tsis muaj rub tawm los yog fracturing cov khoom tank. Rau cov tank steel, los ntawm -bolted kev sib txuas nrog cov phaj rov qab faib cov thauj tog rau nkoj hla thaj tsam loj dua. Rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam, cam khwb cia- hauv- qhov chaw thauj tog rau nkoj bolts lossis ncej- nruab epoxy thauj tog rau nkoj (tsim nyog rau kev pabcuam seismic ib ACI 355.2) yog siv.
Thauj tog rau nkoj tsim muaj xws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm 4 ntawm qhov kawg rub tawm lub peev xwm los suav rau lub voj voog degradation ntawm thauj tog rau nkoj muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv rov qab seismic loading. Lub thauj tog rau nkoj ntug deb thiab qhov sib txawv raws li cov cai yam tsawg kawg nkaus kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib tsoo tawg.
Cov ntsiab lus
PTFE heat exchanger txhawb thav duab nyob rau hauv seismic zones yog tsim los rau kab rov tav seismic rog 3-5 npaug ntawm tus kheej zoo li qub- hnyav, siv ntau-txoj kev tswj kev taw qhia uas muab txoj kev thauj khoom nruj ntawm ib qho kawg thiab kev sib txuas zawv zawg uas haum rau thermal expansion ntawm lwm qhov. Thauj tog rau nkoj embedment rau hauv lub tank qauv siv los ntawm -bolted los yog seismically tsim nyog kev sib txuas tom qab nruab nrog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm 4 ntawm lub peev xwm kawg.
Kev tsim seismic kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom sib pauv tseem nyob ruaj khov thiab lub zog siab ciam ciam nyob rau lub sijhawm thiab tom qab tsim qauv- av qeeg, tiv thaiv cov khoom siv phom sij tso tawm thaum muaj xwm txheej tseem ceeb.
Kev them nyiaj yug engineering rau seismic PTFE heat exchanger txhawb thav duab tsim muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw xa tawm - tshwj xeeb seismic tsis, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim lub tank, sib pauv qhov ntev thiab qhov hnyav, thiab siv lub tsev code tsab.
