Lub PTFE tso rau hauv lub rhaub dej, rub los ntawm lub tank rau nws qhov kev tshuaj xyuas txhua xyoo, muaj qhov sib txawv, tsa cov hlwv los yog mos, squishy npuas ntawm nws yav tas los du nto. Qhov no tsis yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce. Nws yog ib qho pom, qhov kev kuaj mob davhlau ya nyob twg. PTFE sheath tau delaminated los ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb, thiab ib lub hnab ntim roj los yog kua tau tsim hauv qab. Cov hlwv no yog qhov taw tes ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog, muaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab hluav taws xob lub sij hawm foob pob uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tam sim ntawd los ntawm kev pabcuam thiab hloov pauv.
Kab lus no muab cov lus qhia rauKev kuaj mob blistered bubbled PTFE sheath, piav qhia txog cov laj thawj hauv qab, qhov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev soj ntsuam kev tshawb fawb los tiv thaiv kev rov tshwm sim.
Dab tsi yog Blister lossis npuas qhia
Ib lub hlwv ntawm PTFE lub rhaub dej kub yog ib qho kev sib cais hauv cheeb tsam (delamination) ntawm PTFE txheej thiab cov qauv hauv qab-xws li cov hlau cua sov tub ntxhais, cov rwb thaiv tsev MgO, los yog cov txheej txheem nruab nrab. Nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ua kom zoo, lub PTFE sheath yog nruj nreem khi los yog shrink-fitted rau hauv lub hauv paus. Thaum lub hlwv tshwm sim, daim ntawv cog lus tau ua tsis tiav, thiab cov kab noj hniav uas muaj roj (lossis kua) tau tsim. Lub hlwv yuav khov, mos, lossis txawm tias squishy rau qhov kov. Nws yog ib qho kev qhia meej tias lub tshuab cua sov lub siab ncaj ncees raug cuam tshuam.
Lub hlwv yog ib qho uas ntsiag to, o npuas ntawm doom, pom qhov ntxa cim rau lub tshuab cua sov kev ncaj ncees. Tsis muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm kev ntxuav, ziab, lossis patching tuaj yeem rov qab los.
Peb Qhov Tseem Ceeb Ua rau Blistering
1. Sab hauv hluav taws xob Arc
Ib qho hluav taws xob sab hauv yog tshwm sim thaum lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub hwj chim nqa xaim thiab cov tub ntxhais hlau hauv av tawg. Qhov no feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub pinhole los yog tawg hauv MgO rwb thaiv tsev, feem ntau pib los ntawm ya raws los yog kev tsim khoom tsis raug. Thaum lub arc ntaus, nws vaporizes ib tug me me ntawm cov hlau (los ntawm cov cua sov hlau los yog lub hauv paus), tsim ib tug high-temperature, high-pressure gas tawg. Cov pa roj no nthuav dav sai, yuam cov PTFE sheath sab nraud thiab tsim cov hlwv. Lub arc kuj tawm ntawm cov pa roj carbonized, uas ntxiv txo cov rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv.
Hom kos npe:Ib qho hlwv uas txhais tau hais meej, feem ntau nrog cov xim tsaus nti lossis xim av daj ntawm qhov chaw (los ntawm carbonized PTFE lossis hlau oxides). Lub tshuab cua sov yuav dhau los ua tus GFCI lossis pom qhov tsis sib xws hauv av.
2. Kev kub hnyav heev (xws li, Hluav Taws Qhuav)
Yog tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob PTFE tau ua haujlwm yam tsis tau ua tiav hauv cov kua dej -ib yam mob hu ua qhuav-hluav taws- lub plhaub kub tuaj yeem nce siab tshaj qhov txwv tsis pub dhau (feem ntau 110-120℃rau kev nkag mus tas li). PTFE pib soften thiab decompose saum 260-300 degree. Cov huab cua los yog noo noo nyob rau hauv lub sheath nthuav, thiab softened PTFE balloons sab nraud. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib tug loj, diffuse blister los yog ntau npuas nyob rau hauv lub rhuab seem.
Hom kos npe:Ib lub hlwv loj, mos, nthuav dav (lossis ob peb lub hlwv) hla ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab cua sov uas raug huab cua. PTFE tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis muaj xim (xim av lossis xim dawb) thiab tej zaum yuav muaj qhov tawg, tawg. Lub tshuab cua sov kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom kev txuas ntxiv tab sis yuav muaj peev xwm txo cov rwb thaiv tsev.
3. Tshuaj Permeation thiab Gas Buildup
PTFE tsis yog impermeable kiag li. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm qhov kub siab, qee yam tshuaj -tshwj xeeb yog cov khoom me me xws li chlorine, fluorine, hydrogen sulfide, lossis qee cov kuab tshuaj organic- tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm PTFE sheath. Thaum lawv ncav cuag qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm PTFE thiab cov tub ntxhais hlau, lawv yuav hnov mob nrog cov dej seem lossis nrog cov hlau nws tus kheej, tsim cov roj (xws li hydrogen, hydrogen chloride). Cov roj no accumulates, tsim siab uas maj mam delaminates lub sheath. Cov txheej txheem no qeeb, feem ntau siv lub hlis lossis xyoo. Lub hlwv tej zaum yuav me me thiab nyuaj pib, loj hlob qeeb.
Hom kos npe:Lub hlwv me me, khov kho uas tshwm sim yam tsis muaj keeb kwm ntawm hluav taws xob ua txhaum lossis hluav taws qhuav. Lub tshuab cua sov tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib txwm ua, tsis muaj GFCI mus ncig. Lub hlwv tuaj yeem nyob hauv thaj chaw txias lossis raws li qhov ntev ntawm qhov dej, nyob ntawm qhov permeation tus nqi thiab kub gradient.
Diagnostic Kauj Ruam rau Blistered Sheath
Kauj Ruam 1: Kev soj ntsuam pom thiab cov ntaub ntawv
Lub tshuab cua sov yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm lub tank thiab muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm huv, qhuav hauv qab teeb pom kev zoo. Lub hlwv yog kuaj thiab sau tseg:
Qhov chaw- Hauv thaj chaw kub, thaj chaw txias, lossis ze ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg?
Loj thiab zoo li- Ib lub hlwv tsis sib xws, ntau cov npuas, lossis qhov o loj tuaj?
Xim- Dawb, xim av, dub, lossis translucent?
Kev ntxhib los mos- khov, mos, squishy, los yog ruptured?
Nyob ib puag ncig- Cov kab nrib pleb, crazing, lossis hloov xim rau lwm qhov ntawm lub hnab?
Cov duab tau muab coj los rau hauv daim ntawv qhia tsis ua haujlwm. Ib qho rupture los yog quaj ntawm cov kua los ntawm lub hlwv yog sau tseg.
Kauj Ruam 2: Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob (Hi-Pot thiab rwb thaiv tsev Resistance)
Kev sim siab muaj peev xwm (hi-pot) thiab kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (megger) raug ua kom paub meej tias hluav taws xob degradation ntawm qhov chaw blister. Lub tshuab cua sov yog txiav tawm ntawm lub hwj chim. Ib qho megger (500 V lossis 1000 V DC) yog txuas ntawm lub hwj chim coj mus rau sab nraud. Lub rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv yog ntsuas thaum maj mam nias ntawm lub hlwv nrog cov cuab yeej tsis siv hluav taws xob (piv txwv li, ntoo dowel). Yog tias lub hlwv muaj cov pa hluav taws xob lossis cov dej noo, qhov kev tiv thaiv yuav poob qis heev thaum siv lub siab. Kev kuaj hi-pot ntawm lub tshuab cua sov qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob (feem ntau yog 1500 V lossis siab dua) feem ntau yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj pom zoo li sparking lossis tam sim no sawv ntawm qhov chaw blister.
Ceev faj:Kev kuaj hi-pot yuav tsum ua los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog siv cov cuab yeej kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog. Lub hlwv tuaj yeem tawg thaum lub sijhawm kuaj, tso tawm cov pa uas muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kuab lom lossis ua rau khaus (cov khoom tawg ntawm PTFE, xws li hydrogen fluoride lossis perfluoroisobutylene). Yuav tsum muaj qhov cua txaus thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej ( hnab looj tes, tsom iav kev nyab xeeb, lub tshuab ua pa) yuav tsum.
Kauj Ruam 3: Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Keeb Kwm Qhuav Hluav Taws Xob
Yog tias xav tias muaj hluav taws qhuav, cov nroj tsuag cov txheej txheem cav thiab cov ntaub ntawv ceeb toom raug tshuaj xyuas. Qhov hluav taws kub qhuav tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim muaj cov kua dej qis, lub twj tso kua mis tsis ua haujlwm, lossis kev ua haujlwm yuam kev. Txawm tias ib qho xwm txheej qhuav qhuav ntawm ob peb feeb tuaj yeem ua rau hlwv. Lub tshuab cua sov tswj qhov system (yog tias nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob qis qis) raug kuaj xyuas kom zoo.
Kauj Ruam 4: Txheej Txheem Kev Ntsuas Dej
Yog tias xav tias muaj tshuaj permeation, ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem kua dej (cov kua uas lub rhaub tau muab tso rau hauv) yog tshuaj xyuas rau qhov muaj cov khoom hnyav molecular (xws li, halogens, hydrogen sulfide, low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons). Kev khiav hauj lwm kub thiab lub sij hawm raug tshuaj xyuas. Qee cov tshuaj paub tias permeate PTFE sai dua lwm tus; daim ntawv qhia compatibility yuav tsum tau sab laj.
Yog vim li cas Field Repair yog ua tsis tau
PTFE blistered sheath tsis tuaj yeem kho kom zoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Cov laj thawj yog:
Poob daim ntawv cog lus ncaj ncees- Lub delamination txhais tau tias PTFE tsis nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov tub ntxhais. Lub hlwv yuav loj hlob ntxiv los yog yuav tawg, nthuav tawm cov khoom hluav taws xob sab hauv rau cov txheej txheem corrosive kua.
Kev cuam tshuam lub zog dielectric- Lub thinned PTFE ntawm lub hlwv muaj qhov qis dua qhov muaj peev xwm tiv taus. Kev puas tsuaj hluav taws xob yuav tshwm sim.
zais kev puas tsuaj- Cov hlwv tsuas yog qhov pom ntawm qhov loj dua ntawm delamination lossis carbonization.
Toxicity- Cov pa roj hauv lub hlwv tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom PTFE decomposition, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai. Punchturing los yog kho lub hlwv tuaj yeem tso cov pa tawm.
Tsis muaj kev kho qhov chaw nyab xeeb. Lub tshuab cua sov yuav tsum tau muab tso tawm, hloov pauv, thiab chav ua tsis tiav yuav tsum raug xa rov qab mus rau cov chaw tsim khoom rau kev txheeb xyuas cov hauv paus ntsiab lus los tiv thaiv kev rov tshwm sim.
Safe Handling thiab pov tseg
Thaum tuav lub blistered PTFE rhaub:
Tsis txhob txhob txwm ntswj los yog nyem lub hlwv- Nws tuaj yeem tawg thiab tso cov pa phem.
Hnav kom haum PPE- Cov hnab looj tes tiv thaiv tshuaj, tsom iav kev nyab xeeb lossis daim npog ntsej muag, thiab lub tshuab ua pa nrog cov pa roj carbon monoxide / kua qaub yog tias qhov cua tsis zoo.
Kev thauj mus los hauv lub hnab kaw- Muab lub tso cua sov tso rau hauv lub hnab yas hnyav, kaw nws, thiab sau nws tias "Cov Cuab Yeej Tsis Zoo PTFE - Blister - Muaj Cov Ntsiab Cai Toxic."
Pov tseg raws li cov cai hauv zos- PTFE pov tseg tej zaum yuav raug incinerated nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nruab los lis halogenated plastics. Tsis txhob hlawv hauv qhov hluav taws kub, vim cov pa phem (hydrogen fluoride, phosgene) yuav raug tso tawm.
Hauv paus ua rau kev soj ntsuam los tiv thaiv rov tshwm sim
Tom qab hloov lub rhaub, ib qho kev soj ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum tau ua los txiav txim seb qhov ua rau blistering. Cov chaw tsim khoom (lossis ib lub chaw kuaj dawb) feem ntau yuav:
Txiav cov hlais hla ntawm lub hlwv rau kev kuaj xyuas microscopic.
Tshawb xyuas cov roj hauv lub hlwv uas siv cov roj chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Tshawb xyuas cov khoom cua sov sab hauv rau cov cim qhia ntawm arcing, overheating, los yog corrosion.
Tshawb xyuas cov txheej txheem cov txheej txheem thiab cov cav hluav taws xob.
Cov kev tshawb pom qhia cov kev ua kom raug:
Yog arcing- Txhim kho cov dej noo sealing, hloov mus rau lub rhaub kom zoo dua qub, lossis ntxiv kev tiv thaiv hauv av.
Yog qhuav-hluav taws- Nruab ib qho kev txiav tawm qis qis, ntxiv lub tswb nrov, lossis muab kev cob qhia tus neeg ua haujlwm.
Yog tshuaj permeation- Xaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv (piv txwv li, PFA, uas muaj qhov permeability qis dua PTFE), txo qhov kub ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm, los yog siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob ob-encapsulated.
Piv txwv li: Ib lub rhaub dej kub hauv Chrome Plating Tank
Lub PTFE immersion rhaub siv nyob rau hauv ib tug nyuaj chrome plating da dej (muaj chromic acid thiab ib tug kab ntawm hydrogen fluoride) tsim ib tug me me, ruaj hlwv tom qab 18 lub hlis ntawm kev pab. Lub hlwv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kub, tab sis lub rhaub tsis tau qhuav tawm thiab tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Ib qho kev kuaj hi-pot qhia tau hais tias kev tawg ntawm qhov chaw blister. Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub da dej qhia pom muaj hydrofluoric acid (HF), uas paub tias permeate PTFE maj mam. Cov pa roj hauv lub hlwv yog pom tias yog hydrogen thiab silicon tetrafluoride (los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv HF nrog MgO rwb thaiv tsev). Lub hauv paus ua rau yog tshuaj permeation. Kev kho kom raug yog hloov lub PTFE lub rhaub nrog PFA-sheathed rhaub (tso permeability) thiab txo qhov kub ntawm da dej ntawm 80℃mus rau 70℃yog tias ua tau.
Kev xaus: Ib qho pom tau, tsis tuaj yeem sib tham tsis tau
PTFE blistered sheath yog ib qho tam sim ntawd, tsis muaj kev sib tham, thiab kev puas tsuaj loj, thiab qhov kev nyab xeeb nkaus xwb yog kev hloov pauv sai nrog rau kev tshawb xyuas forensic los nrhiav qhov laj thawj. Cov hlwv tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho arc sab hauv, kub dhau heev (dry-hluav taws), los yog cov tshuaj permeation qeeb. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog ntawm lub sheath yog irreversibly cuam tshuam. Kev kho thaj chaw tsis yooj yim sua thiab txaus ntshai. Qhov teeb meem txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog qhov koj pom, tseem tsis tuaj yeem kho. Los ntawm kev lees paub lub hlwv raws li kev kuaj mob ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg, tshem tawm cov cua sov kom zoo los ntawm kev pabcuam, thiab ua qhov kev soj ntsuam xyuas hauv paus ntsiab lus, kev ua tsis tiav yav tom ntej tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem rov qab los.
