Tantalum, cov hlau uas muaj sia nyob qee cov acids hnyav tshaj plaws siv hauv kev ua tshuaj, muaj ib qho tsis zoo: nws absorbs hydrogen heev heev. Nyob rau hauv tej yam txheej txheem, hydrogen nkag mus rau hauv cov hlau lattice thiab transforms ib tug mos, ductile exchanger raj mus rau hauv ib tug nkig qauv muaj peev xwm ntawm cracking tsis ceeb toom. Hydrogen embrittlement yog dav suav hais tias yog qhov kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam rau tantalum kub exchangers.
Hauv kev pabcuam acid, tantalum ib txwm coj yuav luag zoo tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm hydrogen tshwm sim ncaj qha ntawm cov hlau nto, cov hydrogen invades cov hlau sab hauv qhov chaw thiab hauv paus hloov nws cov khoom siv tshuab. Qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem yog lub raj tawg tam sim ntawd, xau, thiab raug nqi hluav taws xob hloov pauv.
Nkag siab txog Hydrogen Embrittlement hauv Tantalum
Vim li cas Tantalum Absorbs Hydrogen
Tantalum muaj qhov tshwj xeeb corrosion tsis kam vim nws tsim cov txheej txheem passive oxide ruaj khov. Tsuav yog cov oxide zaj duab xis no tseem nyob ruaj khov, cov hlau tseem muaj zog heev rau tshuaj tua kab mob.
Teeb meem pib thaum tantalum raug rau atomic hydrogen, qee zaum hu ua nascent hydrogen.
Hydrogen atoms yog me me thiab diffuse yooj yim rau hauv cov qauv siv lead ua tantalum. Ib zaug hauv cov hlau, hydrogen ua ke nrog tantalum los tsim cov tantalum hydride platelets nyob rau hauv lub lattice.
Cov txheej txheem no ua rau txo cov ductility thiab tawg toughness.
Cov xwm txheej uas txhawb nqa Hydrogen nkag
Hydrogen embrittlement feem ntau tsim nyob rau hauv ib lossis ntau dua ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
Cathodic polarization
Sib cuag nrog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj suab npe
Txo cov kua qaub ib puag ncig
Electrochemical tsis sib xws
Tsis txaus oxidizing tej yam kev mob
Ib qho kev tsis ua haujlwm feem ntau tshwm sim thaum tantalum ua hluav taws xob txuas nrog ntau cov hlau xws li cov hlau tsis muaj kev sib cais.
Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, cov teebmeem galvanic tuaj yeem yuam cov tantalum nto mus rau hauv cathodic mob qhov twg hydrogen evolution tshwm sim.
Cov hydrogen generated tshiab ces nkag mus rau hauv cov hlau.
Visual Signs ntawm ib tug Embritted Tube
Kev hloov pauv hauv qhov tshwm sim saum npoo
Thaum ntxov nrhiav tau ntawmhydrogen embrittlement tantalum tshav kub exchanger raj khoCov xwm txheej feem ntau pib nrog kev kuaj pom.
Cov hlab ntsha puas tuaj yeem tsim:
Ib tug npub los yog matte nto tiav
Me ntsis o los yog distortion
Deg discoloration
Localized tawg
Tsis txawv txav
Cov kev hloov pauv no yuav tshwm sim me ntsis thaum lub sijhawm pib tab sis ua kom pom tseeb ntxiv thaum hydrogen concentration nce.
Kev hloov hauv Mechanical Response
Noj qab nyob zoo tantalum tubing ib txwm coj li ib tug mos mos thiab ductile hlau.
Ib tug embritted raj coj txawv txawv heev.
Thaum lightly tapped:
Lub suab raj tsim ib lub nplhaib hlau nplaum
Embrittled tubing ua rau lub ntsej muag ntse dua, iav -zoo li clink
Qhov kev hloov acoustic no feem ntau pom los ntawm cov kws paub txog kev ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas.
Fracture Yam ntxwv ntawm Hydrogen Embrittlement
Brittle, Faceted Fracture Surfaces
Ib qho ntawm qhov pom tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev puas tsuaj hydrogen tshwm tom qab tawg.
Ib txwm tantalum fractures feem ntau qhia:
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov yas deformation
Necking
Cov kua muag kua muag
Hydrogen-embrittled tantalum es tsis txhob qhia:
Bright crystalline tawg nto
Flat faceted cracking
Me me los yog tsis muaj yas deformation
Nthuav brittle crack propagation
Qhov tawg tawg tuaj yeem zoo li tawg ceramic lossis iav es tsis yog cov kua muag hlau.
Sudden Crack Propagation
Vim tias ductility ploj lawm, tawg propagation tuaj yeem tshwm sim sai sai thaum cov khoom siv hnyav heev.
Qhov no ua rau kev tshawb pom ntxov tseem ceeb heev hauv siab - muaj cov tshuab hluav taws xob sib hloov.
Diagnostic Methods for Confirming Embrittlement
Khoov Kev Xeem
Ib qho kev sim khoov yooj yim ntawm cov qauv uas raug tshem tawm feem ntau muab kev pom zoo tam sim.
Kev noj qab haus huv tantalum tubing tuaj yeem zam qhov deformation tseem ceeb ua ntej tawg. Embrittled khoom tawg nrog tsawg kawg yog dabtsi yog khoov.
Qhov poob ntawm ductility feem ntau yog ua heev.
Kev ntsuam xyuas Metallographic
Laboratory tsom xam yuav qhia tau tias:
Hydride platelet tsim
Intergranular tawg
Brittle tawg morphology
Hydrogen{0}}induced microstructural puas
Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no pab paub qhov txawv ntawm hydrogen embrittlement los ntawm lwm yam tsis ua haujlwm xws li corrosion qaug zog lossis thermal stress cracking.
Txheej txheem keeb kwm tshuaj xyuas
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev ua haujlwm feem ntau qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig xws li:
Acid chemistry imbalance
Txo cov xwm txheej
Kev cog av tsis raug
Hluav taws xob tiv tauj nrog steel Cheebtsam
Kev poob ntawm oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev
Lub hauv paus ua rau yog nquag electrochemical es tsis yog txhua yam.
Vim li cas Hydrogen Embrittlement nyuaj kho
Hydrogen nkag mus tob rau hauv cov hlau
Kev sib tw nroghydrogen embrittlement tantalum tshav kub exchanger raj kholus dag nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias hydrogen diffuses thoob plaws hauv cov qauv hlau.
Thaum hydrides tsim, tag nrho cheeb tsam cuam tshuam yuav poob txhua yam kev ncaj ncees.
Tsis zoo li qhov chaw corrosion, qhov kev puas tsuaj yog sab hauv thiab nyuaj rau thim rov qab.
Hauv -Situ Thaum tshav kub kub kev kho mob tsis siv tau
Txawm hais tias lub tshuab nqus tsev kho cua sov tuaj yeem tshem tawm ib nrab ntawm hydrogen los ntawm cov qauv me me, tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab nyob rau hauv - cov txheej txheem kho qhov chaw muaj rau cov khoom sib dhos ua ke.
Cov kev txwv siv tau suav nrog:
Kev tshem tawm hydrogen tsis tiav
Cov cua sov tsis sib xws
Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntxiv
Nyuaj rov qab tag nrho ductility
Inaccessibility nyob rau hauv exchanger assemblies
Rau cov cuab yeej siv teb, kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom qub qub tsis tuaj yeem lav.
Kev Hloov Tube yog qhov kev kho kom ntseeg tau nkaus xwb
Thaum embrittlement raug lees paub, qhov kev lees paub kho yog tshem tawm thiab hloov ntawm qhov cuam tshuam lub raj los yog raj seem.
Cov txheej txheem kho ib txwm muaj xws li:
Cais tus exchanger
Txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov hlab ntsha cuam tshuam
Txiav cov seem uas puas lawm
Txhim kho hloov tubing
Re-Kuaj xyuas cov dej xau thiab kev ncaj ncees
Ib qho kev sim mus txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm hnyav hnyav hauv tubing ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsis tiav tam sim ntawd.
Cov tswv yim tiv thaiv
Txhim kho cov txheej txheem oxidizing
Txoj kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws suav nrog kev tswj cov txheej txheem oxidizing me ntsis.
Ib qho me me ntawm oxidizing tus neeg saib xyuas pab khaws cov txheej txheem oxide tiv thaiv ntawm tantalum thiab suppresses hydrogen absorption.
Cov txheej txheem muaj xws li:
Tswj tau nitric acid ntxiv
Huab cua sparging
Oxygen- muaj cov txheej txheem chemistry
Cov txheej txheem oxidizing kom zoo tiv thaiv hydrogen evolution ncaj qha ntawm cov hlau nto.
Kev cais hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb
Tantalum Cheebtsam yuav tsum ib txwm raug hluav taws xob cais los ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig xws li:
Cov pa roj carbon steel
Stainless hlau
Aluminium
Copper alloys
Txoj kev cais tawm yuav muaj xws li:
Nonconductive gaskets
Insulating lub tes tsho
Kev rho tawm spools
Ua tib zoo grounding tsim
Tiv thaiv galvanic coupling zoo heev txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cathodic hydrogen tiam.
Saib xyuas cov txheej txheem txheej txheem
Hydrogen solubility nyob rau hauv tantalum nce nrog kub thiab txo nrog siab.
Vim li no, nce -cov txheej txheem kub yuav ua rau kom hydrogen nqus tau yog tias txo cov tshuaj lom neeg.
Kev saib xyuas niaj hnub yuav tsum muaj xws li:
Acid chemistry tsom xam
Oxidation- txo qhov peev xwm
Hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv xyuas
Kev soj ntsuam kev kis kab mob
Xaus
Hydrogen embrittlement tseem yog thawj qhov kev tiv thaiv tsis ua haujlwm cuam tshuam rau tantalum tshav kub exchanger tubing. Txawm hais tias tantalum muaj qhov tshwj xeeb corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam hnyav acid, raug rau nascent hydrogen tuaj yeem hloov cov hlau ib txwm muaj rau hauv cov qauv nkig yooj yim rau kev tawg sai sai.
Kev kuaj mob ntawmhydrogen embrittlement tantalum tshav kub exchanger raj khoCov xwm txheej nyob ntawm kev paub txog cov tsos mob xws li poob ntawm ductility, brittle faceted fracture surfaces, dull tube tsos, thiab hloov acoustic teb thaum kuaj. Thaum qhov tseem ceeb hydrogen nqus tau tshwm sim, kev hloov ntawm qhov cuam tshuam lub raj seem tseem yog qhov kev txhim kho tsuas yog kev ntseeg tau.
Ntev- kev cia siab rau lub sij hawm nyob deb deb ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntau dua li kev kho. Kev tuav cov oxidizing tej yam kev mob, tsis txhob galvanic coupling, thiab khaws cia passive oxide zaj duab xis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv tantalum exchangers los ntawm hydrogen puas.
Txawm tias ib qho ntawm lub ntiaj teb corrosion tshaj plaws - cov hlau tsis muaj zog engineering tuaj yeem raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov atom tsawg tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm.
