Pab pawg tu hauv cov nroj tsuag tshuaj, khw muag khoom electroplating, thiab dej- cov chaw kho mob feem ntau ntsib qhov mob taub hau zoo ib yam. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hlau tsim tawm pitting thiab xau tom qab lub hlis ntawm kev pabcuam, graphite units tawg lossis poob kev ua haujlwm vim fouling thiab thermal shock, thiab tag nrho cov cua sov ua haujlwm tsis ruaj khov. Cov nqi hloov pauv tau nce, qhov kev poob qis tsis tau npaj tseg, thiab cov khoom lag luam raug kev txom nyem. Cov teeb meem no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm PTFE, hlau, thiab graphite heat exchangers nyob rau hauv efficiency, durability, thiab txij nkawm yuav tsum tau.
Cov qauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua hom so ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv. Hlau kub exchangers, feem ntau ua los ntawm stainless hlau los yog titanium, ua tau siab thermal conductivity -feem ntau 15 mus rau 25 W / m·K rau qib stainless. Thaum tshav kub kub dhau los ntawm cov phab ntsa nyias, txhawb kev tsim qauv tsim thiab muaj zog pib ua haujlwm. Corrosion tsis kam tso siab rau cov txheej txheem oxide passive uas tiv thaiv qhov chaw hauv cov kua nruab nrab lossis cov kua nplaum me me. Thaum ions txhoj puab heev ua txhaum txheej txheej no, pitting nrawm, kev ua haujlwm poob qis, thiab kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm luv luv.
Graphite heat exchangers siv impregnated carbon blocks nrog thermal conductivity nyob ib ncig ntawm 100 mus rau 150 W / m·K. Thaum tshav kub kub hloov pauv tau zoo, ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau cov dej num hauv cov kua qaub uas cov hlau ua tsis tau sai. Cov khoom siv nws tus kheej tseem nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj inert nyob rau hauv ntau cov acids muaj zog, tsis tau graphite nyob twj ywm nkig thiab rhiab heev rau thermal cycling. Micro- cov kab nrib pleb tshwm sim dhau sijhawm, thiab cov binders tuaj yeem degrade hauv alkalis lossis oxidizing sib tov. Fouling ntawm qhov chaw ntxhib txuas ntxiv txo cov cua sov- hloov pauv thiab ua kom muaj kev tu ntau zaus.
PTFE heat exchangers ua haujlwm txawv. Ib lub fluoropolymer liner los yog raj, feem ntau yog 0.5 mus rau 2 hli tuab, tsim kom muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis tu ncua ntawm cov txheej txheem dej thiab cov qauv hlau. Thermal conductivity zaum qis dua ntawm kwv yees li 0.25 W/m·K, yog li cov qauv tsim siv thaj chaw loj dua los yog ntau- dhau geometries los them. Qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws, tsis yog - cov phab ntsa nplaum txo qis qis thiab tiv thaiv nplai lossis biofilm adhesion uas feem ntau plagues hlau thiab graphite nto. Tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm cov qauv molecular: carbon atoms qhwv nyob rau hauv fluorine ua ib tug tsis yog -polar shield uas repels acids, alkalis, thiab cov kuab tshuaj ib yam nkaus. Diffusion tus nqi tseem tsis pom zoo txog 260 degree, tiv thaiv cov hlau hauv qab tsis hais txog kev ua phem ntawm cov dej. Qhov kub thiab txias nyob twj ywm tsis tu ncua vim tias cov khoom tsis corrodes los yog embrites, thiab ntev - lub sij hawm kev ua tau zoo feem ntau ncua kev pab cuam lub neej ntau zaus ntev dua hlau los yog graphite nyob rau hauv sib xyaw corrosive kwj.
Kev sib piv nrog cov kev daws teeb meem cua sov qhia tau hais tias qhov twg txhua hom kev hloov pauv haum rau kev xyaum. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov dej hauv cov kua lossis ntawm cov khoom nto, mus txog ze rau -99 feem pua kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los yog siab - poob kev txhawj xeeb. Lawv haum huv si, tsis yog -cov dej num corrosive tab sis tsis tuaj yeem muab kev sib cais ntawm cov txheej txheem nruj heev uas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xa tawm. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv pem teb cua sov ua rau qis- cov kua dej nrawm dhau los ntawm cov kab sib txuas dav ntawm qhov ntsuas kub me me, hais txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis sib xws es tsis yog nrawm los yog corrosive- kua hloov. Kev poob siab nyob qis qis, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj qhov xav tau rau kev siv tshuaj lom neeg hnyav. Phab ntsa-dhau boilers optimizes compact water circuits rau ceev teb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw cua sov los yog dej kub hauv tsev. Lawv cov khoom siv hlau ua tau zoo hauv cov dej nruab nrab tab sis yuav corrode sai sai hauv cov xov xwm aggressively lis niaj hnub los ntawm PTFE exchangers. Nyob rau hauv corrosive muaj ib puag ncig, PTFE units xa cov kev txhim khu kev qha indirect hloov uas cov ncaj qha - cua sov los yog lub luag hauj lwm cov kev daws teeb meem tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau.
Efficiency, durability, thiab tu yuav tsum tau sib txawv heev nyob rau hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv. Hlau exchangers muab qhov siab tshaj plaws pib thaum tshav kub kub- hloov pauv tus nqi thiab cov hneev taw me tshaj plaws, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas ntau zaus, ntxuav, thiab hloov qhov tshwm sim hauv cov kua dej ntau dhau. Graphite muab kev ua haujlwm zoo thermal hauv cov kev pabcuam acid tshwj xeeb tab sis xav kom ceev faj tswj cov thermal poob siab thiab kev kuaj xyuas ib ntus rau kev tawg lossis khi degradation. PTFE heat exchangers pauv qee qhov thermal conductivity rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo dua thiab tsis yog- cov khoom nplaum, ua rau qis fouling tus nqi, txo qhov zaus ntawm kev ntxuav, thiab cov kev pabcuam ntev dua. Kev saib xyuas feem ntau yog los ntawm kev saib xyuas lub siab poob thiab qhov kub thiab txias sib txawv es tsis yog kho qhov kev puas tsuaj corrosion.
Kev taw qhia tswv yim pab kom phim cov ntaub ntawv raug rau daim ntawv thov. PTFE heat exchangers ua tau zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv oxidizing heev, fluoride-muaj, tov- hnyav, los yog siab- purity kwj qhov khoom paug los yog kev saib xyuas tsawg yog qhov tseem ceeb. Hlau tseem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua rau siab - dej purity, me me corrosive lub luag hauj lwm, los yog cov xwm txheej uas compact loj thiab ceev kub hloov mus rau qhov ntev tshaj -lub sij hawm corrosion. Graphite tseem ua hauj lwm rau cov concentrated sulfuric los yog hydrochloric acid cov kev pab cuam qhov twg nws thermal conductivity thiab acid kam rau ua muab zoo, muab thermal shock yuav nruj tswj. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev soj ntsuam suav nrog cov kua dej tag nrho, qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv, cov kab tsis huv, lub voj voog siab, thiab qhov xav tau fouling cwj pwm.
Feem ntau yuam kev thaum xaiv cov khoom siv feem ntau ua rau kev poob siab. Luam cov stainless- steel specifications yam tsis tau kho qhov ntev channel rau PTFE lub smoother phab ntsa ua rau undersized flow paths thiab siab poob siab tshaj li qhov xav tau. Xaiv graphite nkaus xwb rau cov kua qaub tiv thaiv yam tsis muaj kev txheeb xyuas alkali compatibility ua rau cov ntaub ntawv degradation thiab sai sai. Kev tsom mus rau catalog heat nkaus xwb- kev ntaus nqi thaum tsis quav ntsej kev hloov pauv viscosity thoob plaws qhov ntsuas kub ua haujlwm ua rau kev suav tsis raug. Kev txhim kho cov ntsiab lus xws li kev tsim kho kom zoo rau kev nthuav dav thermal lossis kho lub zog ntawm cov kab flanges kuj tau txais kev saib xyuas tsis txaus thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov ntsiab lus kev ntxhov siab uas cuam tshuam kev ntseeg tau.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, PTFE cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv ntawm cov hlau thiab graphite tsim feem ntau los ntawm lawv cov inert molecular barrier uas tshem tawm corrosion thiab fouling, txawm tias lawv cov thermal conductivity qis dua yuav tsum muaj thaj chaw loj dua. Cov hlau xaim xaim xaim xaim hluav taws xob nrawm tab sis xav tau kev ceev faj tsis tu ncua tiv thaiv corrosion, thaum graphite muaj zog acid ua haujlwm ntawm tus nqi ntawm brittleness thiab muaj peev xwm tawg. Thaum saib nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob hauv pem teb cua sov, lossis phab ntsa- dai boilers, txhua yam pauv hloov ua lub luag haujlwm sib txawv. Cov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhov sib piv cov cua sov- hloov kev daws teeb meem rau cov txheej txheem chemistry tiag tiag, lub hnab ntawv ua haujlwm, thiab kev cia siab rau kev saib xyuas. Cov chaw tsim khoom sib txawv yog li xav tau cov cua sov sib txawv- hloov cov qauv tsim uas sib xyaw ua ke cov ntaub ntawv cov dej ntshiab, lub voj voog lub luag haujlwm, thiab cov txheej txheem kev txwv kom xa cov kev teeb tsa uas sib npaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm, ua haujlwm ntev, thiab kev ntseeg tau tag nrho ntawm cov khoom siv tas mus li.
