Abrasive-Kev Sib Tw Corrosive hauv E-Khoom kais
Aqua regia (3: 1 HCl: HNO₃) leaching ntawm cov khoom hluav taws xob ntawm 60℃muaj 20% cov khib nyiab (crushed circuit boards, pins, connectors). PFA heaters fim ua ke abrasive hnav los ntawm cov khoom thiab corrosive nres los ntawm aqua regia. Lub abrasive -corrosive synergy txo qhov yuav tsum tau phab ntsa thickness los ntawm 40-50% piv rau ob qho tib si mechanism. Kev txheeb xyuas ntau los ntawm 11 e-khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab qhia tau tias 2.5mm PFA phab ntsa muaj sia nyob 5000 teev ntawm 3 m / s agitator tip ceev, thaum 3.5mm phab ntsa xav tau yam tsis xav txog kev sib koom ua ke. Kev sib cuam tshuam nrawm nrawm tshem tawm cov khoom los ntawm kev raug ncua ntawm cov polymer tshiab rau cov kua qaub.
Synergy Mechanism thiab Cov Khoom Siv Tshem Tawm
Nyob rau hauv abrasive-ib puag ncig corrosive, abrasive hais tshem tawm cov passive nto txheej ntawm PFA, nthuav tawm cov polymer tshiab rau aqua regia. Cov kua qaub ces tawm tsam cov khoom raug, ua rau nws tsis muaj zog rau kev tshem tawm tom qab. Cov txheej txheem cyclic no tshem tawm cov khoom siv 40-50% sai dua li cov lej ntawm tus kheej. Kev ntsuas ntawm 60℃hauv aqua regia nrog 20 wt% crushed iav (50-200 µm, simulating e-khoom khib nyiab) ntawm 3 m / s:
| PFA Qib | Erosion Rate nkaus xwb (mm / 1000h) | Corrosion Rate nkaus xwb (mm / 1000h) | Abrasive -Tus nqi Corrosive (mm/1000h) | Synergy Factor (Qhov tseeb / (E + C)) | Lub sij hawm mus rau 50% Phab Ntsa Poob (2.0mm thawj zaug, teev) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Txheem (Shore D 65) | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.33 | 1.38x | 3,000 |
| Iav - puv (Shore D 72) | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 1.36x | 5,300 |
| Cov pa roj carbon - puv (Shore D 75) | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 1.45x | 6,300 |
Phab ntsa Thickness thiab Kev Pabcuam Tseem Ceeb
Kev sib koom ua ke txo cov phab ntsa tuab uas xav tau rau 5000-teev kev pabcuam vim tias qhov hnav nrawm nrawm tau them nyiaj los ntawm kev pib thicker. Rau tus qauv PFA:
| Lub Hom Phiaj Kev Pabcuam Lub Neej (teev) | Phab ntsa Thickness Yuav tsum tau (mm) Raws li Erosion nkaus xwb | Phab ntsa Thickness Yuav Tsum Tau Raws li Abrasive -Corrosive Synergy | Ntxiv Thickness Vim Synergy (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 1.2 | 1.5 | +0.3 |
| 5000 | 1.8 | 2.5 | +0.7 |
| 8000 | 2.2 | 3.2 | +1.0 |
| 10000 | 2.5 | 3.8 | +1.3 |
Agitator Tip Ceev thiab Particle Concentration Effects
Ntsis ceev ntawm 3 m / s nruab nrab agitation. Higher speeds exponentially nce synergy:
| Agitator Tip Ceev (m / s) | Synergy Factor (Standard PFA) | Sib npaug Erosion-Rate nkaus xwb (mm/1000h) | Yuav tsum tau phab ntsa rau 5000h (mm) | Qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev ceev rau 2.5mm Phab ntsa (m / s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1.2x | 0.22 | 1.8 | 4.0 |
| 3 | 1.4x | 0.33 | 2.5 | 3.0 (lub hauv paus) |
| 4 | 1.7x | 0.50 | 3.5 | 2.2 |
| 5 | 2.0x | 0.72 | 4.8 | 1.6 |
Particle concentration kuj tseem ceeb. Ntawm 10% solids, synergy factor poob rau 1.2x. Ntawm 30% solids, synergy factor nce mus rau 1.6x. Rau e- khib nyiab leaching, khib nyiab concentration txawv nrog batch muaj pes tsawg leeg; qhia raws li qhov siab tshaj plaws xav tau (feem ntau 25-30% rau cov khoom ntom ntom).
Nyuaj PFA Qib raws li Mitigation
Iav- puv thiab carbon- puv PFA txo qhov kev sib koom ua ke los ntawm kev ua kom lub zog pib, ua rau kev tshem tawm nyuaj dua. Qhov ntau resistant nto kuj txo tus nqi corrosion los ntawm limiting acid nkag. Rau 3 m / s ceev ceev thiab 20% cov khoom:
| PFA Qib | Hardness (Shore D) | Synergy Factor | Yuav tsum tau phab ntsa rau 5000h (mm) | Tus nqi hwm vs. Standard | 5000h Ciaj sia taus tus nqi (2.5mm phab ntsa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Txuj | 65 | 1.38x | 2.5 | Lub hauv paus | 50% |
| iav - puv (10%) | 70 | 1.30x | 2.2 | +25% | 75% |
| iav - puv (15%) | 72 | 1.25x | 2.0 | +35% | 85% |
| Cov pa roj carbon- puv (10%) | 73 | 1.20x | 1.9 | +40% | 90% |
| Cov pa roj carbon- puv (15%) | 75 | 1.15x | 1.8 | +50% | 95% |
Kub thiab Acid Concentration Effects
Aqua regia kub ceev ob qho tib si yaig (los ntawm softening PFA) thiab corrosion. Ntawm 70 degree, yaig tus nqi ob npaug thiab tus nqi corrosion triples, nce kev sib koom ua ke rau 1.8x rau tus qauv PFA. Ntawm 50 degree, synergy yam poob rau 1.2x. Rau e- khib nyiab pov tseg, tswj qhov kub ntawm 55-60℃siab tshaj plaws rau PFA lub rhaub dej kom ntev. Aqua regia concentration kuj tseem ceeb; Fresh aqua regia (3: 1) yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws. Raws li leaching zuj zus thiab acid tau noj, tus nqi corrosion kuj txo. Rau cov txheej txheem batch nrog cov kua qaub tshiab txhua lub voj voog, qhia cov phab ntsa tuab (2.8mm tus qauv PFA) lossis cov qib puv. Rau cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv nrog cov kua qaub, khov kho- lub xeev qis concentration tso cai rau cov phab ntsa nyias (2.0mm iav-filled).
Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev kwv yees hloov pauv
Vim tias qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm abrasive -corrosive synergy, kev saib xyuas phab ntsa tuab yog qhov tseem ceeb. Ultrasonic thickness gauging txhua 1000 teev nrog 2.5mm thawj phab ntsa:
| Sijhawm (hli) | Cia Siab Tseem Ceeb Phab Ntsa (2.5 hli pib, iav - puv) | Kev ua |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2.50 hli | Lub hauv paus |
| 1000 | 2.31mm ib | Mus ntxiv |
| 2000 | 2.12 hli | Mus ntxiv |
| 3000 | 1.93mm ib | Ntxiv kev soj ntsuam mus rau 500h |
| 4000 | 1.74mm ib | Npaj hloov hauv 1000h |
| 4500 | 1.65mm ib | Order hloov lub rhaub |
| 5000 | 1.55mm ib | Hloov ntawm kev saib xyuas tom ntej |
Thaum phab ntsa thickness nce mus txog 1.8 hli (tus qauv PFA) los yog 1.5 hli (sau PFA), dielectric kev nyab xeeb margin ua marginal rau 230V kev ua haujlwm.
Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb rau E-Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob
Rau aqua regia leaching ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm 60 degree, 20% cov khib nyiab, 3 m / s agitator tip ceev, qhia cov iav - puv PFA (Shore D 72 yam tsawg kawg nkaus) nrog thawj phab ntsa thickness ntawm 2.2mm rau 5000- teev lub neej. Rau tus qauv PFA, qhia 2.8mm yam tsawg kawg nkaus. Yuav tsum tau muab ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom siv abrasive{11}}kev kuaj corrosive siv cov e{15}}khoom khib nyiab thiab aqua regia ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev sib koom ua ke hauv qab 1.3x rau qib pom zoo. Thaum thov cov lus hais, muab agitator tsim (ntsis ceev, hniav geometry), xav tau cov khib nyiab ntau, thiab xav tau kev pab cuam lub sijhawm. Cov neeg muab khoom siv nrog kev paub txog hydrometallurgy tuaj yeem ua qhov kev ntsuas hnav raws li tus neeg siv khoom{19}} muab cov qauv kuaj. Tus nqi them rau cov qib PFA puv (25-50% dhau tus qauv) yog qhov tsim nyog los ntawm 2-3x lub neej ntev dua hauv cov khoom siv abrasive -corrosive e- khib nyiab qhov chaw hloov cua sov yuav tsum tau tso dej aggressive aqua regia, neutralizing, thiab pov tseg ntawm tus nqi 000000000000 $ xwm txheej. Rau cov chaw ua haujlwm siab-silica e-khoom pov tseg (xws li, fiberglass circuit boards), qhia cov pa roj carbon-filled PFA nrog 2.5 hli phab ntsa thiab 4000-teev hloov lub sij hawm tsis hais txog kev ntsuas hnav, raws li silica ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke dhau qhov ntsuas ntsuas.
